Recent Research Articles in Security

International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC)

(Scopus, ERA Listed)

ISSN 0974 – 9322 (Online); 0975 – 2293 (Print)

http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

Improvement of False Report Detection Performance Based on Invalid Data Detection Using Neural Network in WSN

Sanghyeok Lim and Taeho Cho

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea

ABSTRACT

WSN consists of a number of nodes and base stations and is used for event monitoring in various fields such as war situations, forest fires, and home networks. WSN sensor nodes are placed in fields that are difficult for users to manage. It is therefore vulnerable to attackers, and attackers can use false nodes or MAC injection attacks through the hijacked nodes to reduce the lifetime of the network or trigger false alarms. In order to prevent such attacks, several security protocols have been proposed, and all of them have been subjected to MAC-dependent validation, making it impossible to defend against false report attacks in extreme attack circumstances. As attacks have recently become more diverse and more intelligent, WSNs require intelligent methods of security. Based on the report information gathered from the base station, the proposed method provides a technique to prevent attacks that may occur where all MAC information is damaged by carrying out verification of a false report attack through the machine learning based prediction model and the evaluation function.

KEYWORDS

Network Protocols, Wireless Sensor Network, simulation, machine learning, neural network

For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N6/10618cnc02.pdf

Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

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AUTHOR

Sanghyeok Lim Received a B.S. degree in Digital Information Engineering from Hanguk University of Foreign Studies in 2017, and is now working toward an M.S. degree in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Sungkyunkwan University.

Taeho Cho Received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Arizona, USA, in 1993, and B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea, and the University of Alabama, USA, respectively. He is currently a Professor in the College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea.

Availability Aspects through Optimization Techniques Based Outlier Detection Mechanism in Wireless and Mobile Networks

Neeraj Chugh, Adarsh Kumar and Alok Aggarwal

School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India

ABSTRACT

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are the two most prominent wireless technologies for implementing a complete smart environment for the Internet of Things (IoT). Both RFID and WSN are resource constraint devices, which forces us to go for lightweight cryptography for security purposes. Security in terms of confidentiality, integrity, authentication, authorization, and availability. Key management is one of the major constraints for resource constraint mobile sensor devices. This work is an extension of the work done by Kumar et al. using efficient error prediction and limit of agreement for anomaly score. This work ensures cryptographic property, availability, in RFID-WSN integrated network through outlier detection mechanism for 50 to 5000 nodes network. Through detection ratios and anomaly scores system is tested against outliers. The proposed outlier detection mechanism identifies the inliers and outliers through anomaly score for protection against Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. Intruders can be detected in few milliseconds without giving any conflict to the access rights. In terms of throughput, a minimum improvement of 6.2% and a maximum of 219.9% is observed for the proposed protocol as compared to Kumar et al. Protocol and in terms of percentage of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), a minimum improvement of 8.9% and a maximum of 19.5% is observed for the proposed protocol as compared to Kumar et al. protocol.

KEYWORDS

Wsn, Manet, Rfid, Anomaly, Security

For More Details:  http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N6/10618cnc05.pdf

 Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

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AUTHORS

Neeraj Chugh is an Assistant Professor in University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India and enrolled in PhD (CSE) from Uttrakhand Technical University (UTU), Uttrakhand, India. He received his M. Tech. (CSE) from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, India in 2001. His research interests includes Database   Management system, Data Mining, and Outlier/Anomaly detection and event detection in sensor networks.

Adarsh Kumar received his ME degree in Software Engineering from Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India, in 2005 and earned his PhD degree from JIIT university, Noida, India in 2016 followed by Post Doctoral from AIT, Ireleand during 2016-2018. From 2005 to 2016, he has been associated with the Department of Computer Science Engineering & Information Technology, Jaypee Institute of  Information Technology, Noida, UttarPardesh, India, where he worked as Assistant Professor. Currently he is working with University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India as Associate Professor in CSE department. His main research interests are cryptography, network security, and adhoc networks.

Alok Aggarwal received his bachelors’ and masters’ degrees in Computer Science& Engineering in 1995 and 2001 respectively and his PhD degree in Engineering from IITRoorkee, Roorkee, India in 2010. He has academic experience of 18 years,  industry experience of 4 years and research experience of 5 years. He has contributed more than 150 research contributions in different journals and conference proceedings. Currently he is working with University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India as Professor in CSE department. His main research interests are wired/wireless networks, security, and coding theory.

Improvement of Multiple Routing Based on Fuzzy Clustering and pso Algorithm in Wsns to Reduce Energy Consumption

Gholamreza Farahani

Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran

 ABSTRACT

One of the most important issues discussed in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is how to transfer information from nodes within the network to the base station and select the best possible route for transmission of this information, taking into account energy consumption for the network lifetime with maximum reliability and security. Hence, it would be useful to provide a suitable method that would have the features mentioned. This paper uses an Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) as a routing protocol. This protocol has high energy consumption due to its multipath. However, it is a big challenge if it can reduce AOMDV energy consumption. Therefore, clustering operations for nodes are of high priority to determine the head of clusters which LEACH protocol and fuzzy logic and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm are used for this purpose. Simulation results represent 5% improvement in energy consumption in a WSN compared to AOMDV method.

KEYWORDS

Energy Aware Routing Protocol, Fuzzy Logic, Ad-hoc Multipath, LEACH, Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

For More Details : http://airccse.org/journal/cnc/0910ijcnc06.pdf

Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

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AUTHOR

Gholamreza Farahani received his BSc degree in electrical engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 1998 and MSc and PhD degrees in electrical  engineering from Amirkabir University of Technology (Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran in 2000 and 2006 respectively. Currently, he is an assistant professor in the Institute of Electrical and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Iran. His research interest is computer networks especially routin.

Ensemble of Probabilistic Learning Networks For Iot Edge Intrusion Detection

 Tony Jan1and A.S.M Sajeev1

 1Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia

 ABSTRACT

This paper proposes an intelligent and compact machine learning model for IoT intrusion detection using an ensemble of semi-parametric models with Ada boost. The proposed model provides an adequate realtime intrusion detection at an affordable computational complexity suitable for the IoT edge networks. The proposed model is evaluated against other comparable models using the benchmark data on IoT-IDS and shows comparable performance with reduced computations as required.

KEYWORDS

adaboosted ensemble learning, IoT edge security, machine learning for IoT

For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N6/10618cnc08.pdf

Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

REFERENCES

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[22]  YANG Xinwu, M A Zhuang, and YUAN Shun, (2016) “Multi-class Adaboost Algorithm Based on the Adjusted Weak Classifier”, Journal of Electronics & Information Technology,Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 373–380.

[23]  Anthony Zaknich, (1998) “Introduction to the modified probabilistic neural network for general signal processing applications”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 46,No. 7, pp. 1980–1990.

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Enhancing and Measuring the Performance in Software Defined Networking

¹Md. Alam Hossain, ¹Mohammad Nowsin Amin Sheikh,²,*Shawon S. M. Rahman,Sujan Biswas, and ¹Md. Ariful Islam Arman

¹Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, Jessore University of Science andTechnology, Jessore, Bangladesh

²Associate Professor, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of HawaiiHilo, 200 W. Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

ABSTRACT

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a challenging chapter in today’s networking era. It is a network design approach that engages the framework to be controlled or ‘altered’ adroitly and halfway using programming applications. SDN is a serious advancement that assures to provide a better strategy than displaying the Quality of Service (QoS) approach in the present correspondence frameworks. SDN etymologically changes the lead and convenience of system instruments using the single high state program. It separates the system control and sending functions, empowering the network control to end up specifically. It provides more functionality and more flexibility than the traditional networks. A network administrator can easily shape the traffic without touching any individual switches and services which are needed in a network. The main technology for implementing SDN is a separation of data plane and control plane, network virtualization through programmability. The total amount of time in which user can respond is called response time. Throughput is known as how fast a network can send data. In this paper, we have design a network through which we have measured the Response Time and Throughput comparing with the Real-time Online Interactive Applications (ROIA), Multiple Packet Scheduler, and NOX.

KEYWORDS

Software Defined Networking, SDN, Quality of Service, QoS, Real-time Online Interactive Application, ROIA, Network Operating System, NOX, CES, MPLSTE, Switch Capacity, Number of Queues Impact, QoE Evaluation, Bandwidth Isolation

For More Details : http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N5/10518cnc02.pdf

 Volume  Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

REFERENCES

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AUTHORS

Md. Alam Hossain is working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science & Engineering in Jessore University of Science & Technology, Bangladesh. He completed his B.Sc and M.Sc (Thesis) in Computer Science & Engineering from Islamic University, Bangladesh. Currently, he is pursuing Ph.D. on Cloud Computing Security.

Mohammad Nowsin Amin Sheikh is working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science & Engineering in Jessore University of Science & Technology (JUST), Jessore, Bangladesh. He completed his B.Sc. (Engg.) in Computer Science & Engineering from Jessore University of Science & Technology (JUST), Jessore, Bangladesh.

Dr. Shawon S. M. Rahman is an Associate professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Hawaii-Hilo. His research interests include software engineering education, information assurance and security, web accessibility, cloud computing, and software testing andquality assurance. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers. He is an active member of manyprofessional organizations including IEEE, ACM, ASEE, ASQ, and UPE.

Sujan Biswas completed his B.Sc in Computer Science & Engineering from Jessore University of Science & Technology, Bangladesh.

Md. Ariful Islam Arman completed his B.Sc in Computer Science & Engineering from Jessore University of Science & Technology, Bangladesh.

A Future Mobile Packet Core Network Based on Ip-In-Ip Protocol

Mohammad Al Shinwan1and Kim Chul-Soo²

¹Faculty of Computer Science and Informatics, department of Mobile Computing, Amman Arab University, Amman, Jordan.

²Department of Computer Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea.

ABSTRACT

The current Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 4th generation (4G) mobile network architecture features complicated control plane protocols and requires expensive equipment. Data delivery in the mobile packet core is performed based on a centralized mobility anchor between eNode B (eNB) elements and the network gateways. The mobility anchor is performed based on General Packet Radio Service tunnelling protocol (GTP), which has numerous drawbacks, including high tunnelling overhead and suboptimal routing between mobile devices on the same network. To address these challenges, here we describe new mobile core architecture for future mobile networks. The proposed scheme is based on IP encapsulated within IP (IP-in-IP) for mobility management and data delivery. In this scheme, the core network functions via layer 3 switching (L3S), and data delivery is implemented based on IP-in-IP routing, thus eliminating the GTP tunnelling protocol. For handover between eNB elements located near to one another, we propose the creation of a tunnel that maintains data delivery to mobile devices until the new eNB element updates the route with the gateway, which prevents data packet loss during handover. For this, we propose Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnelling protocol. We describe the results of numerical analyses and simulation results showing that the proposed network core architecture provides superior performance compared with the current 4G architecture in terms of handover delay, tunnelling overhead and total transmission delay.

KEYWORDS

5G network, mobile core network, IP-in-IP, GRE

For More Details :  http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N5/10518cnc05.pdf

Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

REFERENCES

[1]   Cisco, (2016) “Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update”, 2015 – 2020,White paper.

[2] Ericsson, Huawei and Qualcomm, (2015) “The Road to 5G: Drivers, Applications, Requirements and Technical Development”, Technical Report.

[3]   Shinwan, M.A. and Chul-Soo, K. (2017) “Enhanced Mobile Packet Core Network Scheme for Next-Generation Mobile Communication Systems”. International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering (IJECCE), 8, 56-61.

[4]   3GPP TS 23.002, (2016) “Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Network architecture”, Technical Report, Rel-13 Ver. 13.5.0.

[5] Seite,P., P. Bertin, (2010) “Dynamic Mobility Anchoring”, IETF. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-seite-netext-dma-00

[6]   D. Liu, P. Seite, H. Yokota and J. Korhonen, (2014) “Requirements for distributed mobility management”, IETF RFC 7333, https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc7333.

[7]   F. Rebecchi, M. Dias de Amorim, V. Conan, A. Passarella, R. Bruno and M. Conti, (2015)” Data of loading Techniques in Cellular Networks: A Survey”. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials,vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 580-603. https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2014.2369742.

[8]  K. Daoud, P. Herbelin and N. Crespi. (2015) UFA: Ultra Flat Architecture for high bitrate services in mobile networks. IEEE 19th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pp.1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2008.4699577.

[9]  Gohar, M., Choi, JG. & Koh, SJ, (2016) “TRILL-Based Mobile Packet Core Network for 5G Mobile Communication Systems”. Wireless Pers Commun. volume 87, issue 1, (p.p 125 – 144),https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-3035-5.

[10]  Heeyoung Jung, Moneeb Gohar and Seok-Joo Koh, (2014) “RB-core: Routing bridge-based 5G mobile core network”, International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), (pp.223-228), https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2014.6983122.

[11]   Cisco, “Catalyst 2948G-L3 Switch High-Performance Layer 3 Switching”, Technical Report. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps606/products_data_sheet09186a008009267f.html

[12] Perkins, Charles, “IP encapsulation within IP”, (2003) IETF RFC 2003,https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc2003.

[13]   3gpp.TS 23.401, (2016) “General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) access”, Rel-13, Ver.13.6.1.

[14]   S. Hanks, T. Li, D. Farinacci, P. Traina. (1994) “Generic routing encapsulation (GRE)”, IETF RFC 2784, https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc1701.

[15]  Nuutti Varis, Jukka Manner and Johanna Heinonen., (2011) “A layer-2 approach for mobility and transport in the mobile backhaul”, ITS Telecommunications (ITST), 2011 11th International Conference, (pp.268-273), https://doi.org/10.1109/itst.2011.6060066.

[16]   C. Makaya and S. Pierre. (2008) An Analytical Framework for Performance Evaluation of IPv6-Based Mobility Management Protocols. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 7, no.3, pp. 972-983. https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2008.060725.

[17]   Ns-3 Open Source Network Simulator. https://www.nsnam.org/

[18]   M. A. Shinwan, T.-D. Huy, and K. Chul-Soo, (2017) “A Flat Mobile Core Network for Evolved Packet Core Based SAE Mobile Networks,” Journal of Computer and Communications, vol. 05, no.05, pp. 62-73.

[19]  B. Davaasambuu, F. Semaganga, and T. Sato, (2015) “Adaptive Handover Hysteresis and Call Admission Control for Mobile Relay Nodes,” International journal of Computer Networks & Communications, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 87–98.

AUTHORS

Mohammad Al Shinwan, received his B.S degree in Computer Science from Al al-Bayt university, Jordan, in 2009 and the master degree in 2013 from the institute of Mathematical and Computer Science, University of Sindh in Pakistan. He received a Ph.D. in Computer Networks from Inje University, Korea. He is currently an assistant professor in the Faculty of Computer Science and Informatics, Amman Arab University, Jordan. His current research interests include mobility management, network management and OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance) for future mobile network.

Chul-Soo Kim is a professor in the School of Computer Engineering of Inje University in Gimhae, Korea. He received Ph.D. from the Pusan National University (Pusan, Korea) and worked for ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunication research Institute) from 1985 – 2000 as senior researcher for developing TDX exchange. Aside from the involvement in various national and international projects, his primary research interests include network protocols, traffic management, OAM issue, and NGN charging. He is a member of ITU-T SG3, SG11, SG13 and a Rapporteur of ATM Lite from 1998 – 2002, and CEO in WIZNET from 2000 – 2001. He is currently the chairperson of BcN Reference Model in Korea, and a Rapporteur of ITU-T SG3 NGN Charging.

Performances of Ad Hoc Networks under Deterministic And Probabilistic Channel Conditions: Cases For Single Path And Multipath Routing Protocols

Mohammed Tarique and Rumana Islam

Department of Electrical Engineering, Ajman University-Fujairah CampusP.O. Box 2202, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates

ABSTRACT

 Deterministic channel models have been widely used in simulation and modeling of ad hoc network for a long time. But, deterministic channel models are too simple to represent a real-world ad hoc network scenario. Recently, random channel models have drawn considerable attention of the researchers in this field. The results presented in the literature show that random channel models have a grave impact on the performance of an ad hoc network. A comprehensive investigation on this issue is yet to be available in the literature. In this investigation, we consider both deterministic and random channel models to investigate their effects on ad hoc networks. We consider two different types of routing protocols namely single path and multipath routing protocols. We choose Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR), and Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) as the single path routing protocols. On the other hand, we choose Ad-hoc On-Demand Multiple Path Distance Vector (AOMDV) as the multipath routing protocol. The results show that some single path routing protocol can outperform multipath routing protocol under both deterministic and random channel conditions. These results surprisingly contradict the popular claim that multipath routing protocol always outperforms single path routing protocol. A guideline for choosing an appropriate routing protocol for adhoc network has also been provided in this work.

KEYWORDS

Network Protocols, Single Path, Multipath, DSR, AODV, DSDV, AOMDV, Random Channel, Deterministic Channels, Network Performances

For More Details : http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N4/10418cnc01.pdf

Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

REFERENCES

[1]  A.J. Goldsmith and S.B. Wicker, “Design Challenges for Energy-Constrained Ad hoc Wireless Networks”, IEEE Wireless Communication, Vol. 9, No. 4, August 2002, pp. 8-27

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A Security Analysis of Iot Encryption: Sidechannel Cube Attack on Simeck32/64

Alya Geogiana Buja^1,2, Shekh Faisal Abdul-Latip¹and Rabiah Ahmad¹

¹ INSFORNET, Center for Advanced Computing Technology, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, 76100 Melaka, Malaysia

²Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450 Selangor, Malaysia

 ABSTRACT

Simeck, a lightweight block cipher has been proposed to be one of the encryption that can be employed in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Therefore, this paper presents the security of the Simeck32/64 block cipher against side-channel cube attack. We exhibit our attack against Simeck32/64 using the Hamming weight leakage assumption to extract linearly independent equations in key bits. We have been able to find 32 linearly independent equations in 32 key variables by only considering the second bit from the LSB of the Hamming weight leakage of the internal state on the fourth round of the cipher. This enables our attack to improve previous attacks on Simeck32/64 within side-channel attack model with better time and data complexity of 235 and 211.29 respectively.

KEYWORDS

Block Cipher, IoT, Lightweight Encryption, Security Analysis, Simeck

For More Details : http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N4/10418cnc06.pdf

Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

REFERENCES

[1] G. Yang, B. Zhu, V. Suder, M. Aagaard, G. Gong, The Simeck Family of Lightweight Block Ciphers,CHES 2015. LNCS 9293 (2015) 307-329.

[2]  R. Beaulieu, D. Shors, J. Smith, S. Treatman- Clark, B. Weeks, L. Wingers, The SIMON and SPECK Families of Lightweight Block Ciphers Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2013/404.

[3]   V. Nalla, R. Sahu, V. Saraswat, Differential Fault Attack on SIMECK, Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Cryptography and Security in Computing Systems (2016) 45-48.

[4]  I. Dinur, A. Shamir, Cube Attacks on Tweakable Black Box Polynomials, EUROCRYPT 2009.LNCS 5479 (2009) 278-299.

[5]  J. Aumasson, I. Dinur, M. Meier, A. Shamir, Cube Testers and Key Recovery Attacks on Reducedround MD6 and Trivium, FSE 2009. LNCS 5665 (2009) 307-329.

[6]   Z. Ahmadian, S. Rasoolzadeh, M. Salmasizadeh, M. Aref, Automated Dynamic Cube Attack on Block Ciphers: Cryptanalysis of SIMON and KATAN, Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2015/040.

[7] S.F. Abdul-Latip, M. Reyhanitabar, W. Susilo, J. Seberry, Extended Cubes: Enhancing the Cube Attack by Extracting Low-Degree Non-Linear Equations, ASIACCS 2011 (2011) 296-305.

[8]    L. Yang, M. Wang, S. Qiao, Side Channel Cube Attack on PRESENT, CANS 2009. LNCS 5888 (2009) 379-391.

[9]   S.F. Abdul-Latip, M. Reyhanitabar, W. Susilo, J. Seberry, On the Security of NOEKEON against Side Channel Cube Attacks, ISPEC 2010, LNCS 6047 (2010) 45-55.

[10]   C. Canniere, O. Dunkelman, M. Knezevic, KATAN and KTANTAN-A Family of Small and Efficient Hardware-Oriented Block Ciphers, CHES 2009, LNCS 5747 (2008) 272-288.

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[12]   H. A. Alkhzaimi, M. M. Lauridsen, Cryptanalysis of the SIMON Family of Block Ciphers, https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/543.pdf. (2013).

[13]   J. Daemen, V. Rijmen, AES Proposal: Rijndael, The First Advanced Encryption Standard Candidate Conference.

 [14]  R. Anderson, B. Biham, L. Knudsen, Serpent: A Proposal for the Advanced Encryption Standard, The First Advanced Encryption Standard Candidate Conference.

[15]   X. Zhao, S. Guo, F. Zhang, T. Wang, Z. Shi, H. Liu, K. Ji, H. J, Efficient Hamming Weight-based Side-channel Cube Attacks on PRESENT, Journal of Systems and Software 86(3) (2013) 728-743.

[16]   K. Zhang, J. Guan, B. Hu, D. Lin, Security Evaluation on Simeck against Zero Correlation Linear Cryptanalysis, Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2015/911.

[17]  K. Qiao, L. Hu, S. Sun, Differential Security Evaluation of Simeck with Dynamic Key-guessing Techniques, Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2015/902.

[18]   S. Kolbl, A. Roy, A Brief Comparison of SIMON and Simeck, Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2015/706.

[19]   F. Zhang, S. Guo, X. Zhao, T. Wang, J. Yang, F.-X. Standaert, D. Gu, A Framework for the Analysis and Evaluation of Algebraic Fault Attacks on Lightweight Block Ciphers,10.1109/TIFS.2016.2516905, (2016).

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AUTHORS

Alya Geogiana Buja is a Ph.D. student at the Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia. Her research interests include information and network security. She involves actively in giving seminar and talk about information and security.

Shekh Faisal Abdul-Latip is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia. He received PhD degree in 2012 from the University of Wollongong, Australia, in the field of Symmetric-key Cryptography. Currently he is an executive committee member of Malaysian Society for Cryptology Research (MSCR) – a non-profit organization that promotes new ideas and activities in cryptology related areas in Malaysia. His research focuses on Cryptology (i.e. designing and breaking secret codes) and Information Security.

Rabiah Ahmad is a Professor at the Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia. She received her PhD in Information Studies (health informatics) from the University of Sheffield, UK, and M.Sc. (information security) from the Royal Holloway University of London, UK. Her research interests include healthcare system security and information security architecture. She has delivered papers at various health informatics and information security conferences at national as well as international levels. She has also published papers in accredited national/international journals. Besides that, she also serves as a reviewer for various conferences and journals.

Deployment of Intrusion Prevention System on Multi-Core Processor Based Security Hardware

Swetha K V¹ and Ravi Dara²

¹Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology,Bangalore, India

²Nevis Networks(I) Pvt.Ltd., Pune, India

ABSTRACT

After tightening up network perimeter for dealing with external threats, organizations have woken up to the threats from inside Local Area Networks (LAN) over the past several years. It is thus important to design and implement LAN security strategies in order to secure assets on LAN by filtering traffic and thereby protecting them from malicious access and insider attacks. Banking Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI) industry is one such segment that faces increased risks and security challenges. The typical architecture of this segment includes several thousands of users connecting from various branches over Wide Area Network (WAN) links crossing national and international boundaries with varying network speed to access data center resources. The objective of this work is to deploy LAN security solution to protect the data center located at headquarters from the end user machines. A LAN security solution should ideally provide Network Access Control (NAC) along with cleaning (securing) the traffic going through it. Traffic cleaning itself includes various features like firewall, intrusion detection/prevention, traffic anomaly detection, validation of asset ownership etc. LANenforcer (LE) is a device deployed in front of the data center such that the traffic from end-user machines necessarily passes through it so that it can enforce security. The goal of this system is to enhance the security features of a LANenforcer security system with Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) to enable it to detect and prevent malicious network activities. IPS is plugged into the packet path based on the configuration in such a way that the entire traffic passes through the IPS on LE.

KEYWORDS

LAN security, LANenforcer, IPS, Security hardware, Multi-core processor

For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N3/10318cnc02.pdf

Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

REFERENCES

[1]    Suricata Features, http://suricata-ids.org/features/all-features/

[2]   A performance analysis of snort and suricata network intrusion detection and prevention engines.IDCS 2011, the Fifth International Conference on Digital Society, Gosier, Guadeloupe, France. 187–192.

[3] Deployment of Intrusion Prevention System based on Software Defined Networking, 2013 15th IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)

[4]    Metaflows and its features, http://www.metaflows.com/features/ids/

[5]   Free and open source intrusion detection systems: A study, 2015 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics

[6]  Fundamentals of Iptables, http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/01/IPTABLES-FUNDAMENTALS/

[7]    Iptables, https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IptablesHowTo

[8]     About Nfqueue, http://netfilter.org/projects/libnetfilter_queue/

[9] Packet path through Kernel, http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~jain/cse567-11/ftp/pkt_recp/index.html

[10]Suricata.yaml, https://redmine.openinfosecfoundation.org/projects/suricata/wiki/Suricatayaml

[11]   Tcpreplay, http://tcpreplay.synfin.net/wiki/tcpreplay

[12] Usage of nfqueue, https://home.regit.org/netfilter-en/using-nfqueue-and-libnetfilter_queue/

[13]   Setting  up  Suricata  in  inline  mode, https://redmine.openinfosecfoundation.org/projects/suricata/wiki/Setting_up_IPSinline_for_Lix

[14]   Ubuntu  Installation  steps  for  Suricata, https://redmine.openinfosecfoundation.org/projects/suricata/wiki/Ubuntu_Installation

[15]  Tuning  Suricata  Inline  IPS  performance –  discussion, https://lists.openinfosecfoundation.org/pipermail/oisf-users/2011-December/001141.html

[16]  Patrick-patch for zero copy, http://home.regit.org/2011/08/patrick-mchardy-memory mappednetlinkand-nfnetlink_queue/

[17]  Suricata  as  a  bridging  IPS (Setup),http://taosecurity.blogspot.in/2014/01/suricata-20beta2-    as-ipsonubuntu-1204.html

[18]  Emerging – Threats  Ruleset  Download, https://rules.emergingthreats.net/open/suricata/rules/

[19] Suricata Threading, https://kaurikim.wordpress.com/2015/02/16/suricata-threading/

[20]   Tomahawk,http://tomahawk.sourceforge.net/

An Effective Privacy-Preserving Data Coding in Peer-To-Peer Network

Ngoc Hong Tran¹, Cao Vien Phung ², Binh Quoc Nguyen ¹, and Leila Bahri ³

Vietnamese-German University ¹, Vietnam, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig², Germany, and KTH 1, Sweden

ABSTRACT

Coding Opportunistically (COPE) is a simple but very effective data coding mechanism in the wireless network. However, COPE leaves risks for attackers easily getting the private information saved in the packets, when they move through the network to their destination nodes. Hence, a lightweight cryptographic approach, namely SCOPE, was proposed to consolidate COPE against the honest-but-curious and malicious attacks. Honest-but-curious attack serves adversaries who accurately obey the protocol but try to learn as much private information as possible for their curiosity. Additionally, this kind of attack is not destructive consequently. However, it may leave the backdoor for the more dangerous attacks carrying catastrophes to the system. Malicious attack tries to learn not only the private information but also modifies the packet on harmful purposes. To cope with this issue, in this work, a lightweight cryptographic approach improves COPE, namely SCOPE, that is defensive to the both attacks. The private information in the COPE packet are encrypted by Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), and an additional information is inserted into SCOPE packets served for the authentication process using the lightweight hash Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). We then prove our new protocol is still guaranteed to be a secure method of data coding, and to be light to effectively operate in the peer-to-peer wireless network

KEYWORDS

Network Coding, Peer-to-Peer, Homomorphic Encryption, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), Honest-But-Curious Attack, Malicious Attac.

For More Details :   http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N3/10318cnc05.pdf

Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

REFERENCES

[1]    S. Katti, H. Rahul, W. Hu, D. Katabi, M. Mdard, and J. Crowcroft, “Xors in the air: Practical wireless network coding,” in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, 2006, pp. 243–254. Cited on page(s): 1,6

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[3]  N. F. 186-4, “Elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ecdsa),” NIST, Tech. Rep., 2013. Cited on page(s): 2, 7

[4]    N. Cai and R. Yeung, “Network coding and error correction,” in Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE      Information Theory Workshop, 2002, p. 119–122. Cited on page(s): 2

[5]  V. Talooki, R. Bassoli, D. Lucani, J. Rodriguez, F. Fitzek, H. Marques, and R. Tafazolli, “Security concerns and countermeasures in network coding based communication systems: A survey,” Computer Networks, vol. 83, pp. 422–445, 2015. Cited on page(s): 2

[6]  N. Cai and R. Yeung, “Secure network coding,” in IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 2002, p. 323. Cited on page(s): 2

[7]  Y. Fan, Y. Jiang, H. Zhu, J. Chen, and X. Shen, “Network coding based privacy preservation against traffic analysis in multi-hop wireless networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 834–843, 2011. Cited on page(s): 2 [8] P. Paillier, “Public-key cryptosystems based on composite degree residuosity classes,” in Eurocrypt,  vol. 99, 1999, pp. 223–238. Cited on page(s): 2

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Improvements in Routing Algorithms to Enhance Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

Naga Ravikiran¹ And C.G. Dethe²

¹research Scholar, Ece Department, Priyadarshini Institute Of Engineering And Technology (Piet), Nagpur, Maharashtra.

²director, Ugc-Human Resource Development Centre, Rtm Nagpur University, Nagpur, India.

ABSTRACT

Wireless sensor network (WSN) brings a new paradigm of real-time embedded systems with limited computation, communication, memory, and energy resources that are being used fora huge range of applications. Clustering in WSNs is an effective way to minimize the energy consumption of sensor nodes. In this paper improvements in various parameters are compared for three different routing algorithms. First, it is started with Low Energy Adaptive Cluster Hierarchy (LEACH)which is a famed clustering mechanism that elects a CH based on the probability model. Then, work describes a Fuzzy logic system initiated CH selection algorithm for LEACH. Then Artificial Bee Colony (ABC)which is an optimisation protocol owes its inspiration to the exploration behaviour of honey bees. In this study ABC optimization algorithm is proposed for fuzzy rule selection. Then, the results of the three routing algorithms are compared with respect to various parameters.

KEYWORDS

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), LEACH, Clustering, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Fuzzy logic system.

For More Details :   http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N2/10218cnc03.pdf

Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

 REFERENCES

[1]   Abad, M.F.K. and Jamali, M.A.J. (2011) ‘Modify LEACH algorithm for wireless sensor network’, IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 8, No. 5.

[2]  Abraham, A., Jatoth, R.K. and Rajasekhar, A. (2012) ‘Hybrid differential artificial bee colony algorithm’, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp.249–257.

[3]  Selvakumar, K., &Selvi, M. S. (2014). Efficient Load Balanced Routing Algorithm Based On Genetic And Particle Swarm Optimization.

[4]  Manjusha, M. S., &Kannammal, K. E. (2014). Efficient Cluster Head Selection Method For Wireless Sensor Network

[5]  Bee-Sensor-C: An Energy-Efficient and Scalable Multipath Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks.Celik, F., Zengin, A. and Tuncel, S. (2010)

[6]   ‘A survey on swarm intelligence based routing protocols in wireless sensor networks’, International Journal of Physical Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 14, pp.2118–2126.

[7]    Saini, M., &Saini, R. K. (2013). Solution of Energy-Efficiency of sensor nodes in Wireless sensor Networks. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 3(5), 353-357.

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[16] Kaur, J. and Soni, N. (2015) ‘Performance evaluation of on demand energy efficient routing protocol for WSN’, International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp.81–88.

[17]  Khalid, H., Abdullah, K.M., AhsanAwan, F. and Hussain, A. (2013) ‘Cluster head election schemes for WSN and MANET: a survey’, World Applied Sciences Journal, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp.611–620.

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[23]  Kumar, R., &Prakash, N., (2013) Energy Efficient Approach for Wireless Sensor Network, 3(6)

[24]   Singh, S. P., & Sharma, S. C. (2015). A Survey on Cluster Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks. Procedia Computer Science, 45, 687-695.

[25] Taruna, S., &Shringi, S. (2013). A cluster based routing protocol for prolonging network lifetime in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Taruna et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in HYBRIDComputer Science and Software Engineering, 3(4), 658-665.

[26]  Yoon, M., & Chang, J. (2011, September). Design and implementation of cluster-based routing protocol using message success rate in sensor networks. In HPCC, 2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on (pp. 622-627).IEEE.

[27]  PhanThiThe, Ngo QuangQuyen, Vu Ngoc Phan and Tran Cong Hung. (2017). A Proposal to Improve SEP Routing Protocol Using Insensitive Fuzzy C-Means in Wireless Sensor Network, International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol.9, No.6, November 2017.

[28] SaeidPourroostaeiArdakani. (2017). Data aggregation routing protocols in wireless sensor networks: a taxonomy, International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol.9, No.2, March 2017.

[29] Tran Cong Hung and Ly Quoc Hung. (2016).Energy consumption improvement of traditional clustering method in wireless sensor network, International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol.8, No.5, September 2016.

Lightweight Cryptography For Distributed PKI Based MANETS

N Chaitanya Kumar, Abdul Basit, Priyadarshi Singh, and V. Ch. Venkaiah

School of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Hyderabad,Hyderabad-500046, India

ABSTRACT

Because of lack of infrastructure and Central Authority(CA), secure communication is a challenging job in MANETs. A lightweight security solution is needed in MANET to balance its nodes resource tightness and mobility feature. The role of CA should be decentralized in MANET because the network is managed by the nodes themselves without any fixed infrastructure and centralized authority. In this paper, we created a distributed PUblic Key Infrastructure (PKI) using Shamir secret sharing mechanism which allows the nodes of the MANET to have a share of its private key. The traditional PKI protocols require centralized authority and heavy computing power to manage public and private keys, thus making them not suitable for MANETs. To establish a secure communication for the MANET nodes, we proposed a lightweight crypto protocol which requires limited resources, making it suitable for MANETs.

KEYWORDS

Secret sharing, Lightweight Cryptography, Public key cryptography, MANETS

 For More Details :   http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N2/10218cnc07.pdf

 Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

REFERENCES

[1]  F. Anjum and P. Mouchtaris, ”Security for wireless ad hoc networks”, in: Wiley-Blackwell, Mar. 2007.

[2] Chai-Keong Toh (2002). ”Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and Systems 1st Edition”, in: Prentice Hall PTR. Retrieved 2016-04-20.

[3] Vanesa Daza, Javier Herranz, Paz Morillo, Carla Rafols, ”Cryptographic techniques for mobile ad-hoc networks,” in: Computer Networks, Volume 51, Issue 18, 19 December 2007, Pages 4938-4950.

[4]  Y.-C. Hu, A. Perrig, and D. B. Johnson. Ariadne, ”A secure on-demand routing protocol for ad hoc networks”, in: Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking(Mobicom 2002), September 2002.

[5] Y.C. Hu, A. Perrig, and D. B. Johnson, ”Packet leashes: A defense against wormhole attacks in wireless networks”, in: Proceedings of IEEE Infocom 2003,pp. 1976-1986 vol.3.

[6] X. Yao, X. Han and X. Du, ”A light-weight certificate-less public key cryptography scheme based on ECC,” 2014 23rd International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN), Shanghai, 2014, pp. 1-8.

[7] Rajashekarappa, K M Sunjiv Soyjaudah, Sumithra Devi K A, ”Study on Cryptanalysis of the Tiny Encryption Algorithm” in: International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), vol. 2, issue 3 (2013) pp. 88-91.

[8]   Y. Amir, Y.Kim, C. Nita-Rotaru, ”Secure communication using contributory key agreement”, in: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed systems, pp. 468-480, 2009.

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[11]   Singh, Nidhi, Appala Naidu Tentu, Abdul Basit, and V. Ch Venkaiah. ”Sequential secret sharing scheme based on Chinese remainder theorem.” In Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), 2016 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2016.

[12]   A. Shamir, ”How to share a secret”, in: Communications of the ACM 22 (1979) 612-613.

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[16]   Tentu, Appala Naidu, Abdul Basit, K. Bhavani, and V. Ch Venkaiah. ”Multi-secret Sharing Scheme for Level-Ordered Access Structures.” In International Conference on NumberTheoretic Methods in Cryptology, pp. 267-278. Springer, Cham, 2017.

[17]   Feldman, Paul. ”A practical scheme for non-interactive verifiable secret sharing.” in: Foundations of Computer Science, 1987, 28th Annual Symposium on. IEEE, 1987.

[18]   Kumar, N. Chaitanya, Abdul Basit, Priyadarshi Singh, V. Ch Venkaiah, and Y. V. Rao. ”Node Authentication Using BLS Signature in Distributed PKI Based MANETS.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.08972 (2017).

[19]  N. Chaitanya Kumar, Abdul Basit, Priyadarshi Singh, V. Ch. Venkaiah, ”Proactive Secret Sharing for Long Lived MANETs Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography”, in: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Inventive Computing And Informatics (ICICI 2017), Coimbatore, India, 2017.(In press)

[20]   S. A. Yee Hunn, S. Z. binti Md. Naziri and N. binti Idris, ”The development of tiny encryption algorithm (TEA) crypto-core for mobile systems,” in: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Electronics Design, Systems and Applications (ICEDSA), Kuala Lumpur, 2012, pp. 45-49.

[21]   Basit, Abdul, N. Chaitanya Kumar, V. Ch Venkaiah, Salman Abdul Moiz, Appala Naidu Tentu, and Wilson Naik. ”Multi-stage Multi-secret sharing scheme for hierarchical access structure.” In Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA), 2017 International Conference on, pp. 557-563. IEEE, 2017.

AUTHORS

N Chaitanya Kumar received M.Tech from JNTU Hyderabad, and he did Bachelor degree in computer science. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD in Computer Science from the University of Hyderabad. His research interests include Information security, Cryptography in MANET. Abdul Basit received Master of computer application from Jamia Hamdard UniGangtok. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD in Computer Science from the University of Hyderabad. His research interests include Information security, Cryptography, and Cyber security.

Priyadarshi Singh received M.Tech from IIT(ISM) Dhanbad. He did Bachelor degree in Information Technology. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD in Computer Science from the University of Hyderabad. His research interests include Cryptography, Public key infrastructure.

Ch. Venkaiah obtained his PhD in 1988 from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore in the area of scientific computing. He worked for several organisations including the Central Research Laboratory of Bharat Electronics, Tata Elxsi India Pvt. Ltd., Motorola India Electronics Limited, all in Bangalore. He then moved onto academics and served IIT, Delhi, IIIT, Hyderabad, and C R Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science. He is currently serving the Hyderabad Central University. He is a vivid researcher. He designed algorithms for linear programming, subspace rotation and direction of arrival estimation, graph coloring, matrix symmetriser, integer factorisation, cryptography, knapsack problem, etc.

Trust Factor and Fuzzy-Firefly Integrated Particle Swarm Optimization Based Intrusion Detection And Prevention System For Secure Routing Of Manet

Ramireddy Kondaiah1and Bachala Sathyanarayana²

¹Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool

A.P,India.& Associate Professor, Dept of CSE, PBRVITS, Kavali, Andhra Pradesh India.

² Professor in Computer Science &Technology ,Sri Krishnadevaraya University,Anantapur, A.P, India.

ABSTRACT

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is one of the rapidly emanating technologies, which has gained attention in a wide range of applications in the fields of military, private sectors, commercials and natural calamities. Securing MANET is a dominant responsibility, and hence, a trust factor and fuzzy based intrusion detection and prevention system is proposed for routing in this paper. Based on the trust values of the nodes, the fuzzy system identifies the intruder, such that the path generated in the MANET is secured. Moreover, an optimization algorithm, entitled Fuzzy integrated Particle Swarm Optimization (FuzzyFPSO), is proposed by the concatenation of the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the optimal path selection in order to provide secure routing. The simulation of the proposed methodology is NS2 simulator and analysis is carried out considering four cases, like without attack, flooding attacks, black hole attack and selective packet drop attack concerning throughput, delay and detection rate. The remarkable evaluation measures of the proposed Fuzzy-FPSO are the maximal throughput of 0.634, minimal delay of 0.044 , maximal detection rate of 0.697 and minimal routing overhead of 0.24550 And the evaluation measure for the case without any attacks are the maximal throughput of 0.762, minimal delay of 0.029 ,maximal detection rate of 0.805 and minimal routing overhead of 0.11511.

KEYWORDS

MANET, Routing, Trust, Fuzzy system, Firefly Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization.

For More Details :   http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V10N1/10118cnc02.pdf

Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2018.html

REFERENCES

[1]   M. Nekovee, and R. S. Saksena,“Simulations of large-scale Wi-Fi-based wireless networks,” Interdisciplinary challenges and applications, Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 514–520, 2010.

[2]   Poonam Joshi, Pooja Nande, Ashwini Pawar, Pooja Shinde, and Rupali Umbare, “EAACK-A Secure Intrusion Detection And Prevention System For MANETS,” in proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing (ICPC), pp. 1-6, 2015.

[3]   Babu, M. Rajesh, and G. Usha, “A Novel Honeypot Based Detection and Isolation Approach (NHBADI) to Detect and Isolate Black Hole Attacks in MANET,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 831-845, 2016.

[4]   arrukh Aslam Khan, Muhammad Imran, Haider Abbas, and Muhammad Hanif Durad, “A detection and prevention system against collaborative attacks in Mobile Ad hoc Networks,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 68, pp. 416-427, 2017

[5]    Basant Subba , Santosh Biswas, and Sushanta Karmakar, “Intrusion detection in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks: Bayesian game formulation,” Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, vol. 19, no.2, pp. 782-799, 2016.

[6]  Marchang, Ningrinla, Raja Datta, and Sajal K. Das, “A Novel Approach for Efficient Usage of Intrusion Detection System in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 1684-1695, 2017.

[7]   Usha, G., M. Rajesh Babu, and S. Saravana Kumar, “Dynamic anomaly detection using cross layer security in MANET,” Computers & Electrical Engineering, pp.1-11, 2016.

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[11] Hamed Janzadeh, Kaveh Fayazbakhsh, Mehdi Dehghan, and Mehran S. Fallah, ”A secure creditbased cooperation stimulating mechanism for MANETs using hash chains,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 926-934, 2009.

[12] Soni M, Ahirwa M, and Aggarwal S, “A Survey on Intrusion Detection in MANET,” in proceedings of International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, pp. 1027- 1032, 2015.

[13] Djahel S, Farid N, and Zhang Z, “Mitigating Packet Dropping Problem in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Proposals and Challenges,” IEEE communications surveys and tutorials, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 658-672,2011

[14]   H. Debar, M. Dacier and A.Wespi, “A Revised Taxonomy for Intrusion Detection Systems,” Annals of Telecommunications, Vol.55, No.7, pp 361-378, July 2000.

[15] Adnan Nadeem, and Michael Howarth, “A generalized intrusion detection and prevention mechanism for securing MANETs,” in proceedings of ICUMT09 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Workshops, pp. 1-6, 2009.

[16] Y. Harold Robinson and M. Rajaram, “Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Scheme Based on Particle Swarm Optimization in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks“, Scientific World Journal, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Vol. 2015, Article ID 284276, pp. 1-9, 2015.

[17] Vikas Gupta , Ashok Verma, Ajay Lala and Ashish Chaurasia, “Scenario Based Performance and Comparative Simulation Analysis of Routing Protocols in MANET,” IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, Vol.13, No.6, June 2013.

[18] Anupam Das and M. Mahfuzul Islam,”SecuredTrust: A Dynamic Trust Computation Model for Secured Communication in Multi-Agent Systems“, IEEE Transactions on dependable and secure computing, Vol.9, No.2, 2012

[19] A. Sharma and P.K. Johari, “Eliminating Collaborative Black-hole Attack by Using Fuzzy Logic in Mobile Ad-hoc Network,” International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.5, No.5, pp. 2347-2693, May 2017.

[20] Mohammed Abdel-Azim, Hossam El-Din Salah and Menas Ibrahim, “Black Hole attack Detection using Fuzzy based IDS,” International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS), Vol.9, No.2, August 2017.

[21] Iztok Fister, IztokFisterJr, Xin-SheYang and JanezBrest, “A comprehensive review of firefly algorithms,” Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, Vol.13, pp.34-46, December 2013.

[22] Xin-She Yang, “Firefly Algorithm, Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms,” Computers, Luniver Press, pp.79–90, 2008.

[23] Dongshu Wang, Dapei Tan and Lei Liu, “Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm: An overview,” Soft Computing, pp.1–22, January 2017.

[24] Dian Palupi Rini, Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin and Siti Sophiyati Yuhaniz, “Particle Swarm Optimization: Technique, System and Challenges,” International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.14, No.1, January 2011.

[25] Mahmood K. Ibrahem , Ameer M. Aboud, “A Secure Routing Protocol for MANET,” International Journal of Computer Science Engineering and Technology( IJCSET), Vol.4, No.7, July 2014.

[26]  Nisha Soms and P.Malathi, “Evolution of Intrusion Detection System in MANETs – A Survey,” International Journal of Innovations & Advancement in Computer Science(IJIACS), Vol.6, No.5, May 2017.

AUTHORS

Mr.Ramireddy Kondaiah received his B.Sc Degree in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry from Sri Venkateswara University,Tirupti, A.P , India in 1996, Master of Computer Applications from Sri Krishna Devaraya University Campus College affiliated to Sri Krishna Devaraya University in 2000.Now He is pursuing Ph.D. from Rayalaseema University,Kurnool ,AndhraPradesh,India. His research areas Include Computer Networks/MANET Routing with Intrusion Detection.

Prof. B. Sathyanarayana received his B.Sc Degree in Mathematics, Economics and Statistics from Madras University, India in 1985, Master of Computer Applications from Madurai Kamaraj University in 1988. He did his Ph.D in Computer Networks from Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, A.P. India. He has 24 years of teaching experience. His Current Research Interest includes Computer Networks, Network Security and Intrusion Detection. He has published 30 research papers in National and International journals.